Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezimoto zamandla amasha, amabhethri kagesi nawo athola ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Ibhethri, isistimu yokulawula imoto kanye nogesi yizingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile zezimoto zamandla amasha, lapho ibhethri lamandla liyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu, kungashiwo ukuthi "inhliziyo" yezimoto zamandla amasha, bese kuba ibhethri lamandla ezimoto ezintsha zamandla. ihlukaniswe yaba yiziphi izigaba?
1, ibhethri le-lead-acid
Ibhethri le-lead-acid (VRLA) ibhethri ama-electrode awo enziwe ngokuyinhloko ngomthofu nama-oxides awo, futhi i-electrolyte yawo iyisixazululo se-sulfuric acid. Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-electrode enhle i-lead dioxide, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko ye-electrode engalungile iwumthofu. Esimweni sokukhipha, ingxenye eyinhloko yazo zombili ama-electrode amahle namabi i-lead sulfate. Amandla kagesi weseli elilodwa le-lead-acid yebhethri ngu-2.0V, angaphuma aye ku-1.5V, angashaja aze afike ku-2.4V; Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza, amabhethri e-lead-acid angu-6 yeseli elilodwa avamise ukuxhunywa ochungechungeni ukuze akhe ibhethri le-asidi eholayo engu-12V, kanye no-24V, 36V, 48V, njalo njalo.
Ibhethri ye-nickel-cadmium (imvamisa i-NiCd efushanisiwe, ebizwa ngokuthi “nye-cad”) iwuhlobo oludumile lwebhethri lokulondoloza. Ibhethri lisebenzisa i-nickel hydroxide (NiOH) ne-cadmium metal (Cd) njengamakhemikhali ukukhiqiza ugesi. Nakuba ukusebenza kungcono kunamabhethri aneasidi yomthofu, aqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo futhi angcolisa imvelo ngemva kokulahlwa.
Ibhethri le-nickel-cadmium lingaphindaphindwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-500 zokushajwa nokushajwa, ukonga kanye nokuqina. Ukumelana kwayo kwangaphakathi kuncane, hhayi nje ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuncane, kungashajwa ngokushesha, kodwa futhi kunganikeza umthamo wamanje omkhulu womthwalo, futhi ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage kuncane kakhulu lapho kuchithwa, kuyibhethri ekahle kakhulu ye-DC. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri, amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium angakwazi ukumelana nokushajwa ngokweqile noma ukuchithwa ngokweqile.
Amabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride akhiwe ngama-ion e-hydrogen ne-nickel yensimbi, indawo yokugcina amandla ingaphezu kwamabhethri e-nickel-cadmium ngo-30%, ilula kunamabhethri e-nickel-cadmium, impilo ende yesevisi, futhi akukho ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kodwa inani liningi. abiza kakhulu kunamabhethri e-nickel-cadmium.
Ibhethri ye-lithium yikilasi lensimbi ye-lithium noma i-lithium alloy njengento engalungile ye-electrode, ukusetshenziswa kwesisombululo se-electrolyte esinganamanzi sebhethri. Amabhethri e-lithium angahlukaniswa kabanzi abe yizigaba ezimbili: amabhethri ensimbi e-lithium namabhethri e-lithium ion. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion awaqukethe i-lithium esimweni sensimbi futhi ayashajwa.
Amabhethri ensimbi ye-lithium ngokuvamile amabhethri asebenzisa i-manganese dioxide njengento ephozithivu ye-electrode, insimbi ye-lithium noma insimbi yayo eyingxubevange njengento engalungile ye-electrode, futhi asebenzisa izixazululo ze-electrolyte ezinganamanzi. Ukwakheka kwezinto zebhethri ye-lithium ikakhulukazi: izinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode, izinto ezingezinhle ze-electrode, i-diaphragm, i-electrolyte.
Phakathi kwezinto ze-cathode, izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-lithium cobaltate, i-lithium manganate, i-lithium iron phosphate kanye nezinto ze-ternary (i-nickel-cobalt-manganese polymers). Impahla ye-electrode eyakhayo ithatha ingxenye enkulu (isilinganiso sobuningi bezinto ezingezinhle nezingezinhle zama-electrode ngu-3:1 ~ 4:1), ngoba ukusebenza kwempahla ye-electrode eyakhayo kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, kanye nezindleko zayo. inquma ngokuqondile izindleko zebhethri.
Phakathi kwezinto ezingezinhle ze-electrode, izinto zamanje ze-electrode ezingezinhle ikakhulukazi igraphite yemvelo kanye negraphite yokwenziwa. Izinto ze-anode ezihlolwayo yi-nitrides, i-PAS, i-tin-based oxides, ama-alloys e-tin, izinto ze-nano-anode, nezinye izinhlanganisela ze-intermetallic. Njengenye yezingxenye ezine ezinkulu zamabhethri e-lithium, izinto ezingezinhle ze-electrode zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umthamo webhethri nokusebenza komjikelezo, futhi ziphakathi nendawo emaphakathi embonini yebhethri ye-lithium.
I-Fuel Cell iyithuluzi lokuguqula amandla e-electrochemical elingashi. Amandla amakhemikhali e-hydrogen (amanye amafutha) nomoya-mpilo aguqulwa ngokuqhubekayo abe ugesi. Isimiso sokusebenza siwukuthi i-H2 i-oxidized ibe i-H+ futhi i-e- ngaphansi kwesenzo se-anode catalyst, i-H+ ifinyelela ku-electrode enhle ngolwelwesi lwe-proton exchange, isabela ne-O2 ukuze yakhe amanzi ku-cathode, futhi ifinyelele ku-cathode ngokusebenzisa isifunda sangaphandle, futhi ukusabela okuqhubekayo kukhiqiza i-current. Nakuba i-fuel cell inegama elithi “ibhethri”, ayiyona into yokugcina amandla ngendlela evamile, kodwa iyisisetshenziswa esiphehla ugesi, okuwumehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-fuel cell namabhethri endabuko.
Igumbi lokuhlola ukushaqeka okushisayo: Leli gumbi lilingisa izinguquko ezisheshayo zokushisa okungenzeka amabhethri abe nazo phakathi nokusebenza. Ngokudalula amabhethri ekuhlukeni kwezinga lokushisa elidlulele, njengokushintsha ngokushesha ukusuka kumazinga okushisa aphezulu ukuya aphansi, singahlola ukusebenza kwawo nokuthembeka ngaphansi kokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa.
Igumbi lokuhlola ukuguga kwesibani se-Xenon: Lesi sixhobo siphindaphinda izimo zokukhanya kwelanga ngokudalula amabhethri emisebeni yokukhanya enamandla evela kumalambu e-xenon. Lokhu kulingisa kusiza ukuhlola ukonakala nokusebenza kwebhethri nokuqina lapho kuvezwe ekuchazweni kokukhanya isikhathi eside.
Igumbi lokuhlola ukuguga kwe-UV: Leli gumbi lilingisa indawo yemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Ngokubeka amabhethri ngaphansi kokuchayeka kokukhanya kwe-UV, singalingisa ukusebenza kwawo nokuqina ngaphansi kwezimo zokuchayeka isikhathi eside ze-UV.
Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yalezi zisetshenziswa zokuhlola kuvumela ukukhathala okuphelele nokuhlola ubude bokuphila kwamabhethri. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngaphambi kokwenza lezi zivivinyo, kubalulekile ukuthobela imihlahlandlela efanele yokuphepha futhi ulandele ngokuqinile imiyalelo yokusebenza yamathuluzi okuhlola ukuze uqinisekise izinqubo zokuhlola ezinembile neziphephile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-12-2023
