Ke mefuta efe ea libeteri tse ncha tsa koloi ea matla?

Libetri tsa lead-acid, joalo ka theknoloji e batlang e holile, e ntse e le tsona feela libeteri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase tse hlahisoang ka bongata ka lebaka la theko ea tsona e tlase le lebelo le phahameng la ho tsoa. Leha ho le joalo, matla a khethehileng, matla a khethehileng le matla a matla a libeteri tsa lead-acid li tlase haholo, 'me koloi ea motlakase e nang le sena e le mohloli oa matla ha e khone ho ba le lebelo le letle le lebelo la ho khanna.

2, libeteri tsa nickel-cadmium le libeteri tsa nickel-metal hydride

Nickel-cadmium betri (hangata e khutsufalitsoeng NiCd, e bitsoa "nye-cad") ke mofuta o tsebahalang oa betri ea polokelo. Betri e sebelisa nickel hydroxide (NiOH) le cadmium metal (Cd) e le lik'hemik'hale ho hlahisa motlakase. Le hoja ts'ebetso e le betere ho feta libeteri tsa asiti ea lead, li na le litšepe tse boima 'me li silafatsa tikoloho ka mor'a ho lahloa.

Betri ea Nickel-cadmium e ka phetoa makhetlo a fetang 500 a tefiso le ho tsoa, ​​​​ea moruo ebile e tšoarella. Ho hanyetsa ha eona ka hare ho nyenyane, eseng feela ho hanyetsa ka hare ho nyenyane, ho ka qosoa ka potlako, empa hape ho ka fana ka motlakase o moholo bakeng sa mojaro, 'me phetoho ea motlakase e nyenyane haholo ha e qhaloa, ke betri e ntle haholo ea DC ea motlakase. Ha ho bapisoa le mefuta e meng ea libeteri, libeteri tsa nickel-cadmium li khona ho mamella tefiso e feteletseng kapa ho tsoa ho feta tekano.

Libetri tsa nickel-metal hydride li entsoe ka li-ion tsa hydrogen le nickel ea tšepe, polokelo ea matla e feta 30% ho feta libeteri tsa nickel-cadmium, e bobebe ho feta libeteri tsa nickel-cadmium, bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso, 'me ha ho na tšilafalo ea tikoloho, empa theko e ngata. theko e phahameng hofeta libeteri tsa nickel-cadmium.

3, betri ea lithium

Lithium battery ke sehlopha sa lithium metal kapa lithium alloy e le lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa electrode, tšebeliso ea tharollo ea electrolyte e se nang metsi ea betri. Libetri tsa lithium li ka aroloa ka bongata ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: libeteri tsa tšepe tsa lithium le libeteri tsa lithium ion. Libetri tsa lithium-ion ha li na lithium sebakeng sa tšepe 'me li ka nchafatsoa hape.

Libetri tsa tšepe tsa lithium ka kakaretso ke libeteri tse sebelisang manganese dioxide e le lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa electrode, tšepe ea lithium kapa tšepe ea alloy e le lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa electrode, 'me li sebelisa litharollo tsa electrolyte tse se nang metsi. Sebopeho sa thepa ea betri ea lithium ke haholo-holo: lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa electrode, lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa electrode, diaphragm, electrolyte.

Har'a lisebelisoa tsa cathode, lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa ke lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate le lisebelisoa tsa ternary (nickel-cobalt-manganese polymers). Lintho tse ntle tsa elektrode li nka karolo e kholo (karolelano ea boima ba lisebelisoa tse ntle le tse mpe tsa li-electrode ke 3: 1 ~ 4: 1), hobane ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa elektrode e ama ka kotloloho ts'ebetso ea betri ea lithium-ion, le litšenyehelo tsa eona. e khetha ka kotloloho litšenyehelo tsa betri.

Har'a lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa li-electrode, lisebelisoa tsa hona joale tse mpe tsa elektrode ke haholo-holo graphite ea tlhaho le graphite ea maiketsetso. Lisebelisoa tsa anode tse ntseng li hlahlojoa ke nitrides, PAS, oxides-based oxides, li-alloys tsa tin, lisebelisoa tsa nano-anode, le metsoako e meng ea intermetallic. E le e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse' nè tse kholo tsa libeteri tsa lithium, lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa electrode li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatsa matla a betri le ts'ebetso ea potoloho, 'me li bohareng ba bohareng ba indasteri ea betri ea lithium.

4. Lisele tsa mafura

Fuel Cell ke sesebelisoa sa ho fetola matla a electrochemical e sa cheng. Matla a lik'hemik'hale a haedrojene (mafuso a mang) le oksijene a lula a fetoloa motlakase. Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso ke hore H2 e entsoe ka oxidized ho H+ le e- tlas'a ts'ebetso ea anode catalyst, H+ e fihla ho electrode e ntle ka lera la phapanyetsano ea proton, e sebetsana le O2 ho theha metsi ka har'a cathode, 'me e fihla ho cathode. potoloho ea ka ntle, 'me karabelo e tsoelang pele e hlahisa hona joale. Le hoja peterole e na le lentsoe "betri", ha se sesebelisoa sa ho boloka matla ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, empa ke sesebelisoa sa ho fehla matla, e leng phapang e kholo ka ho fetisisa pakeng tsa lisele tsa mafura le libeteri tsa setso.

Ho lekola mokhathala le nako ea bophelo ea libeteri, k'hamphani ea rona e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa tlhahlobo joalo ka kamore ea tlhahlobo ea mocheso le mongobo, kamore ea tlhahlobo ea mocheso oa mocheso, kamore ea tlhahlobo ea botsofali ea lebone la xenon le kamore ea tlhahlobo ea botsofali ea UV.

Kamore ea liteko ea kamehla ea mocheso le mongobo: Sesebelisoa sena se fana ka maemo a laoloang a mocheso le mongobo ho etsisa maemo a fapaneng a tikoloho. Ka ho beha libeteri litekong tsa nako e telele tlasa maemo a fapaneng a mocheso le mongobo, re ka lekola botsitso ba tsona le liphetoho tsa ts'ebetso.

Kamore ea tlhahlobo ea mocheso oa mocheso: Kamore ena e etsisa liphetoho tse potlakileng tsa mocheso tseo libeteri li ka bang le tsona nakong ea ts'ebetso. Ka ho pepesa libeteri ho liphetoho tse feteletseng tsa mocheso, tse kang ho fetoha ka potlako ho tloha holimo ho ea ho mocheso o tlase, re ka hlahloba ts'ebetso ea bona le ho tšepahala ha bona tlas'a ho fetoha ha mocheso.

Kamore ea tlhahlobo ea botsofali ba lebone la Xenon: Sesebelisoa sena se pheta maemo a khanya ea letsatsi ka ho pepesetsa libeteri mahlaseling a matla a mabone a xenon. Ketsiso ena e thusa ho lekola ho senyeha ha betri le ho tšoarella ha nako ha e pepesehetse khanya nako e telele.

Kamore ea tlhahlobo ea botsofali ea UV: Kamore ena e etsisa tikoloho ea mahlaseli a ultraviolet. Ka ho beha libeteri ho khanya ea UV, re ka etsisa ts'ebetso ea tsona le ho tšoarella ha tsona tlas'a maemo a nako e telele a ho pepesehela UV.
Ho sebelisa motsoako oa lisebelisoa tsena tsa tlhahlobo ho lumella mokhathala o felletseng le tlhahlobo ea bophelo ba libeteri. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore pele o etsa liteko tsena, ho bohlokoa ho latela litataiso tse nepahetseng tsa polokeho le ho latela ka tieo litaelo tsa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ho netefatsa lits'ebetso tse nepahetseng le tse bolokehileng tsa tlhahlobo.