Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa bateri nshya yimodoka?

Batteri ya aside-aside, nkikoranabuhanga rikuze risa naho, iracyari bateri yonyine yimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi kubera igiciro gito kandi n’umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusohora. Nyamara, ingufu zihariye, imbaraga zihariye nubucucike bwingufu za bateri ya aside-aside iracyari hasi cyane, kandi ikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi hamwe nki nkomoko yamashanyarazi ntigishobora kugira umuvuduko mwiza no gutwara.

2, bateri ya nikel-kadmium na bateri ya hydride ya nikel

Bateri ya Nickel-cadmium (mu magambo ahinnye ni NiCd, yitwa "nye-cad") ni ubwoko bukunzwe cyane bwo kubika. Batare ikoresha nikel hydroxide (NiOH) nicyuma cya kadmium (Cd) nkimiti kugirango itange amashanyarazi. Nubwo imikorere iruta bateri ya aside-aside, irimo ibyuma biremereye kandi byangiza ibidukikije nyuma yo gutereranwa.

Bateri ya Nickel-kadmium irashobora gusubirwamo inshuro zirenga 500 kwishyurwa no gusohora, ubukungu kandi burambye. Kurwanya imbere kwayo ni nto, ntabwo kurwanya imbere gusa ari bito, birashobora kwishyurwa vuba, ariko kandi birashobora gutanga umuyoboro munini wumutwaro, kandi impinduka ya voltage ni nto cyane iyo isohotse, ni bateri nziza ya DC itanga amashanyarazi. Ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwa bateri, bateri ya nikel-kadmium irashobora kwihanganira kwishyurwa birenze cyangwa kurenza urugero.

Bateri ya hydride ya Nickel igizwe na hydrogène ion na nikel y'icyuma, ububiko bw'amashanyarazi burenze 30% kurusha bateri ya nikel-kadmium, yoroshye kurusha bateri ya nikel-kadmium, ubuzima bumara igihe kirekire, kandi nta mwanda uhumanya ibidukikije, ariko igiciro ni kinini bihenze kuruta bateri ya nikel-kadmium.

3, bateri ya lithium

Batiri ya Litiyumu ni icyiciro cya lithium cyangwa lithium alloy nkibikoresho bya electrode mbi, gukoresha igisubizo cya electrolyte idafite amazi ya batiri. Batteri ya Litiyumu irashobora kugabanywa mubice bibiri: bateri yicyuma cya lithium na batiri ya lithium. Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ntabwo irimo lithium muburyo bwa metero kandi irashobora kwishyurwa.

Ububiko bwa Litiyumu ya batiri muri rusange ni bateri ikoresha dioxyde ya manganese nkibikoresho byiza bya electrode, icyuma cya lithium cyangwa icyuma cyayo kivanze nkibikoresho bya electrode mbi, kandi bigakoresha ibisubizo bya electrolyte bidafite amazi. Ibikoresho bigize bateri ya lithium ni cyane cyane: ibikoresho bya electrode nziza, ibikoresho bya electrode mbi, diaphragm, electrolyte.

Mubikoresho bya cathode, ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane ni lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium fer fosifate nibikoresho bya ternary (nikel-cobalt-manganese polymers). Ibikoresho byiza bya electrode bifata igice kinini (igipimo rusange cyibikoresho byiza na bibi bya electrode ni 3: 1 ~ 4: 1), kubera ko imikorere yibikoresho byiza bya electrode bigira ingaruka itaziguye kumikorere ya bateri ya lithium-ion, nigiciro cyayo igena mu buryo butaziguye ikiguzi cya batiri.

Mubikoresho bibi bya electrode, ibikoresho bibi bya electrode bigezweho ni grafite karemano na grafite. Ibikoresho bya anode biri gushakishwa ni nitride, PAS, okiside ishingiye ku mabati, amabati, ibikoresho bya nano-anode, hamwe n’ibindi bintu bivangavanze. Nka kimwe mu bice bine byingenzi bigize bateri ya lithium, ibikoresho bibi bya electrode bigira uruhare runini mukuzamura ubushobozi bwa bateri no gukora cycle, kandi biri murwego rwo hagati rwinganda za batiri ya lithium.

4. Ingirabuzimafatizo

Akagari ka lisansi nigikoresho kidashya cyo gutwika ibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Ingufu za chimique ya hydrogène (ibindi bicanwa) na ogisijeni bihora bihinduka amashanyarazi. Ihame ryakazi ni uko H2 ihindurwamo H + na e- munsi ya catalizike ya anode, H + igera kuri electrode nziza ikoresheje membrane ihinduranya proton, igakorana na O2 ikora amazi kuri cathode, kandi e- igera kuri cathode ikoresheje umuzenguruko wo hanze, kandi reaction ikomeza itanga ikigezweho. Nubwo selile ya lisansi ifite ijambo "bateri", ntabwo igikoresho cyo kubika ingufu muburyo busanzwe, ahubwo ni igikoresho cyo kubyara ingufu, kikaba ari itandukaniro rinini hagati ya selile na bateri gakondo.

Kugirango dusuzume umunaniro nubuzima bwa bateri, isosiyete yacu ikoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gupima nkubushyuhe buhoraho nubushyuhe bwikigereranyo, icyumba cyipimisha ubushyuhe bwumuriro, icyumba cyipimisha xenon cyashaje, nicyumba cyipimisha UV.

Icyumba cyibizamini gihoraho nubushuhe: Ibi bikoresho bitanga ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwo kugenzura kugirango bigereranye ibidukikije bitandukanye. Mugukoresha bateri mugupima igihe kirekire mubihe bitandukanye byubushyuhe nubushuhe, turashobora gusuzuma ihinduka ryabo nimpinduka zimikorere.

Icyumba cyo gupima ubushyuhe bwa Thermal: Iki cyumba kigereranya ihinduka ryihuse ryubushyuhe bateri ishobora guhura nazo mugihe ikora. Muguhishurira bateri kubushyuhe bukabije bukabije, nko guhinduka vuba kuva hejuru kugera hejuru yubushyuhe buke, turashobora gusuzuma imikorere yabo no kwizerwa mugihe ihindagurika ryubushyuhe.

Icyumba cyo gupima amatara ya Xenon: Ibi bikoresho bigana imiterere yizuba ryerekanwa na bateri kumirasire yumucyo mwinshi uva mumatara ya xenon. Iyi simulation ifasha gusuzuma imikorere ya bateri yangirika nigihe kirekire iyo ihuye nurumuri rurerure.

Icyumba cyo gupima UV ishaje: Iki cyumba cyigana imishwarara ya ultraviolet. Mugukoresha batteri kumurika UV, turashobora kwigana imikorere yabo nigihe kirekire mugihe kirekire cya UV.
Gukoresha uruvange rwibikoresho byo gupima bituma umunaniro wuzuye hamwe nigihe cyo gupima bateri. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mbere yo gukora ibyo bizamini, ni ngombwa kubahiriza umurongo ngenderwaho w’umutekano kandi ugakurikiza byimazeyo amabwiriza y’imikorere y’ibikoresho byo kwipimisha kugira ngo hakorwe uburyo bwo gupima neza.