Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, e loaʻa hou ana ka nānā ʻana i nā pihi mana. ʻO ka pākaukau, ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa a me ka ʻōnaehana uila nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ʻekolu o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, ʻo ia ka mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻāpana mana, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia ka "naʻau" o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, a laila ʻo ka pā mana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou. ua maheleia i na mahele hea?
1, pahu pahu-ʻakika
ʻO ka pākaukau lead-acid (VRLA) kahi pākaukau nona nā electrodes i hana nui ʻia me ke kēpau a me kāna mau oxides, a ʻo kāna electrolyte he solution sulfuric acid. ʻO ka mea nui o ka electrode maikaʻi ke alakaʻi dioxide, a ʻo ka mea nui o ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole ke alakaʻi. I ka moku'āina hoʻokuʻu, ʻo ka mea nui o nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole ke alakaʻi sulfate. ʻO ka voltage nominal o kahi pahu pahu lead-acid pākahi he 2.0V, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i 1.5V, hiki ke hoʻouka i ka 2.4V; Ma nā noi, hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā ʻeke wai hoʻokahi-cell lead-acid i loko o ka moʻo e hana i kahi pākaukau lead-acid nominal o 12V, a me 24V, 36V, 48V, a pēlā aku.
ʻO ka pākaukau Nickel-cadmium (hoʻopau pinepine ʻia ʻo NiCd, ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo "nye-cad") kahi ʻano kaulana o ka pākaukau mālama. Hoʻohana ka pākaukau i ka nickel hydroxide (NiOH) a me ka metala cadmium (Cd) ma ke ʻano kemika e hana ai i ka uila. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ma mua o nā pākī lead-acid, aia nā metala kaumaha a hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana.
Hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka pākaukau Nickel-cadmium ma mua o 500 mau manawa o ka uku a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, hoʻokele waiwai a paʻa. Heʻuʻuku kona kū'ē i loko,ʻaʻole wale ka liʻiliʻi o ke kū'ē o loko, hiki ke hoʻouka kokeʻia, akā hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i kahi manawa nui no ka ukana, a heʻuʻuku loa ka hoʻololi uila i ka wā e hoʻokuʻuʻia ai, he mea maikaʻi loa ia i ka mana DC. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā pihi nickel-cadmium ke kūpaʻa i ka overcharge a overdischarge.
ʻO nā pākiki nickel-metal hydride i haku ʻia me nā ion hydrogen a me ka nickel metala, ʻo ka mana mālama ʻia he 30% ʻoi aʻe ma mua o nā pihi nickel-cadmium, ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā pā nickel-cadmium, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lawelawe ʻana, ʻaʻohe haumia i ke kaiapuni, akā nui ke kumukūʻai. ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai ma mua o nā ʻeke nickel-cadmium.
ʻO ka pākaukau Lithium kahi papa o ka metala lithium a i ʻole lithium alloy ma ke ʻano he mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena electrolyte non-aqueous o ka pā. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā pākahi lithium i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ʻo nā pākahi metala lithium a me nā ʻona lithium ion. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka lithium i loko o ka pahu lithium-ion a hiki ke hoʻouka hou ʻia.
ʻO nā ʻoniʻoni metala liʻiliʻi he mau ʻona e hoʻohana ana i ka manganese dioxide ma ke ʻano he mea electrode maikaʻi, ka metala lithium a i ʻole kāna metala paʻa ma ke ʻano he mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, a hoʻohana i nā hoʻonā electrolyte non-aqueous. ʻO ka mea nui o ka pākaukau lithium: nā mea electrode maikaʻi, nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, diaphragm, electrolyte.
Ma waena o nā mea cathode, nā mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia he lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate a me nā mea ternary (nickel-cobalt-manganese polymers). Loaʻa ka waiwai electrode maikaʻi i kahi hapa nui (ʻo ka nui o nā mea electrode maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole ʻo 3: 1 ~ 4: 1), no ka mea, ʻo ka hana o ka mea electrode maikaʻi e pili pono i ka hana o ka pā lithium-ion, a me kāna kumukūʻai. hoʻoholo pololei i ke kumukūʻai o ka pākaukau.
Ma waena o nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole o kēia manawa he graphite maoli a me ka graphite artificial. ʻO nā mea anode e ʻimi ʻia nei, ʻo ia nā nitrides, PAS, nā oxides-based tin, nā alloys tin, nā mea nano-anode, a me kekahi mau pūhui intermetallic ʻē aʻe. Ma keʻano he hoʻokahi o nā ʻāpana nui ʻehā o nā pā lithium, ʻo nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole ke kuleana nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka nui o ka pākaukau a me ka hana pōʻai, a aia ma ke kumu o ka waena waena o ka ʻoihana pākaukau lithium.
ʻO kahi Pūnaehana wahie he kaʻina hoʻololi ʻole i ka ikehu electrochemical. Hoʻololi mau ʻia ka ikehu kemika o ka hydrogen (nā wahie ʻē aʻe) a me ka oxygen i uila. ʻO ka loina hana ʻo ia ka H2 i oxidized i ka H+ a me ka e- ma lalo o ka hana a ka anode catalyst, H+ hiki i ka electrode maikaʻi ma o ka membrane hoʻololi proton, hana me ka O2 e hana i ka wai ma ka cathode, a hiki i ka cathode ma o ka kaapuni waho, a me ka hopena hoʻomau e hoʻopuka i ke au. ʻOiai he huaʻōlelo "battery" ka pahu wahie, ʻaʻole ia he mea mālama ikehu ma ke ʻano kuʻuna, akā he mea hana mana, ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa nui loa ma waena o nā ʻenekini wahie a me nā ʻeke kuʻuna.
Keena ho'āʻo haʻalulu wela: Hoʻohālikelike kēia keʻena i ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana o ka wela i ʻike ʻia i ka wā e hana ai. Ma ka hōʻike ʻana i nā pila i nā ʻokoʻa wela loa, e like me ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana mai ke kiʻekiʻe a i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki iā mākou ke loiloi i kā lākou hana a me ka hilinaʻi ma lalo o nā loli wela.
Xenon lamp aging test chamber: Hoʻopili kēia mea hana i nā kūlana o ka lā ma o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā pila i ka hoʻomālamalama kukui ikaika mai nā kukui xenon. Kōkua kēia simulation i ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana a me ka lōʻihi o ka pākaukau i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai i ka ʻike kukui lōʻihi.
Keena hoʻāʻo ʻelemakule UV: Hoʻohālike kēia keʻena i nā kaiapuni radiation ultraviolet. Ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā pila i ka ʻike kukui UV, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohālikelike i kā lākou hana a me ka lōʻihi ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻolaha UV lōʻihi.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau mea hoʻāʻo e hiki ai i ka luhi piha a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke ola o nā pila. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ma mua o ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia mau hoʻāʻo, he mea koʻikoʻi ia e hoʻokō i nā alakaʻi palekana kūpono a hahai pono i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o nā mea hoʻāʻo e hōʻoia i nā kaʻina hoʻāʻo pololei a palekana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-12-2023
